![]() ![]() The ribosomes are reversibly attached to the outer surface of the membrane rather than being inserted into the membrane. How each RNA carries out its specific task is discussed in this section, while the biochemical events in protein synthesis and the required protein factors are described in the final section of the chapter. The three types of RNA participate in this essential protein-synthesizing pathway in all cells in fact, the development of the three distinct functions of RNA was probably the molecular key to the origin of life. ![]() Translation is the whole process by which the base sequence of an mRNA is used to order and to join the amino acids in a protein. Ribosomes are composed of a large and small subunit, each of which contains its own rRNA molecule or molecules. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. ![]() The correct tRNA with its attached amino acid is selected at each step because each specific tRNA molecule contains a three-base sequence that can base-pair with its complementary code word in the mRNA.ģ. Each type of amino acid has its own type of tRNA, which binds it and carries it to the growing end of a polypeptide chain if the next code word on mRNA calls for it. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is the key to deciphering the code words in mRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.Ģ. ![]()
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